![]() If the evidence indicates that residential proximity is associated with poorer health outcomes, regulatory agencies may need to factor in nearby populations when siting industrial facilities, municipal waste sites, incinerators, and other potential sources of emissions. In our review, unlike in previously published reviews, we focused on a wide range of health outcomes in relation to residential proximity to multiple environmental hazards and identified each study's limitations. We undertook a systematic review of 94 studies that examined residential proximity to environmental hazards in relation to adverse reproductive outcomes, childhood cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, or other adverse health outcomes. With the advent of geographic information systems, environmental scientists and public health researchers have been able to address these concerns more comprehensively and objectively with the use of various proximity analyses. These concerns often resulted in public perceptions of disease clusters near hazardous waste sites, industrial facilities, and other potential sources of chemical releases. More than 50% of respondents felt that air pollution, contaminated drinking water, and toxic waste had a great deal of impact on a person's health. In a 1999 national telephone survey among US voters, 1 74% of respondents thought that environmental factors had an important impact on childhood cancer, and 73% thought these factors had an impact on birth defects. Concerns about health and environmental hazards transcend the academic, scientific, and regulatory worlds they are also of compelling interest to the public, who often recognizes a relationship between environmental hazards and health.
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